{"id":87,"date":"2020-01-21T13:07:43","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T12:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/?p=87"},"modified":"2020-09-24T17:50:40","modified_gmt":"2020-09-24T15:50:40","slug":"decouverte-de-cao-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/2020\/01\/21\/decouverte-de-cao-3d\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9couverte de la CAO 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Il est simple de se perdre dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A9lisation_tridimensionnelle\">conception assist\u00e9e par ordinateur (CAO) en 3D<\/a>. Entre les nombreux formats, les nombreux logiciels et les diff\u00e9rentes applications, le monde de la 3D est vaste. Voici une rapide pr\u00e9sentation de la CAO3D.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Les logiciels<\/h3>\n<p>En simplifiant, les mod\u00e8les num\u00e9riques 3D peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9finis soit par leur surface, soit par leur volume. Si les logiciels CAO travaillant sur les volumes peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exporter dans un format \u00ab\u00a0surfacique\u00a0\u00bb (<em>mesh<\/em>), l&rsquo;inverse est rarement vrai. L&rsquo;approche du design entre ces 2 fa\u00e7ons de d\u00e9finir un mod\u00e8le 3D est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente. De plus, les formes 3D devenant rapidement complexes, les logiciels de CAO vont l&rsquo;\u00eatre tout autant. Nous trouverons donc des logiciels simples mais limit\u00e9s dans leurs possibilit\u00e9s (comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tinkercad.com\/\">TinkerCAD<\/a>), ou extr\u00eamement complexes aux possibilit\u00e9s illimit\u00e9es (comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blender.org\/\">Blender<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Voici une petite s\u00e9lection de logiciels <strong>tournant sur votre navigateur<\/strong> et pouvant \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s imm\u00e9diatement sans installation pr\u00e9alable :<\/p>\n<p><strong>CAO \u00ab\u00a0surfacique\u00a0\u00bb :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SelfCad : (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.selfcad.com\/\">https:\/\/www.selfcad.com\/<\/a>) La version gratuite ne permet pas l&rsquo;export, mais elle permet de se plonger dans ce type de logiciel (\u00e9quivalent \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blender.org\/\">Blender<\/a>, Wings3D, etc.). Pour vous connecter sans enregistrement pr\u00e9alable, vous pouvez utiliser votre compte EDUGE (Google).<\/li>\n<li>SculptGL : (<a href=\"https:\/\/stephaneginier.com\/sculptgl\/\">https:\/\/stephaneginier.com\/sculptgl\/<\/a>) Rapide \u00e0 prendre en main, il permet de d\u00e9former la surface de l&rsquo;objet (initialement une sph\u00e8re) pour cr\u00e9er le design souhait\u00e9. Le fonctionnement est similaire au c\u00e9l\u00e8bre logiciel professionnel <a href=\"http:\/\/pixologic.com\/features\/about-zbrush.php\">Z-Brush<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>SculptFab : (<a href=\"https:\/\/labs.sketchfab.com\/sculptfab\/\">https:\/\/labs.sketchfab.com\/sculptfab\/<\/a>) \u00c9quivalent \u00e0 ScluptGL, mais avec quelques petites diff\u00e9rences.<\/li>\n<li>Vectary : (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vectary.com\/\">https:\/\/www.vectary.com\/<\/a>) Similaire \u00e0 SelfCad (et aux autres logiciels de ce type). la version gratuite est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 3 projets.\u00a0Pour vous connecter sans enregistrement pr\u00e9alable, vous pouvez utiliser votre compte EDUGE (Google).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CAO \u00ab\u00a0hybride\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0param\u00e9trique\u00a0\u00bb :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OnShape : (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onshape.com\/\">https:\/\/www.onshape.com\/<\/a>) Ce logiciel professionnel pour ing\u00e9nieur, \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freecadweb.org\/?lang=fr\">FreeCAD<\/a>, poss\u00e8de de nombreuses fonctionnalit\u00e9s. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onshape.com\/education-plan\">La version \u00ab\u00a0<em>Education<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<\/a> est gratuite et permet d&rsquo;utiliser tout le potentiel du logiciel. Un enregistrement pr\u00e9alable est n\u00e9cessaire, mais seule une adresse email valide est obligatoire (les autres champs pouvant \u00eatre renseign\u00e9s avec des donn\u00e9es fictives).<\/li>\n<li>SketchUp for School : (<a href=\"https:\/\/edu.sketchup.com\/app\">https:\/\/edu.sketchup.com\/app<\/a>) Initialement destin\u00e9\u00a0aux architectes, SketchUp est un logiciel de difficult\u00e9 (et de performances) moyenne(s). Pour vous connecter sans enregistrement pr\u00e9alable, vous pouvez utiliser votre compte EDUGE (Google).<\/li>\n<li>TinkerCAD : (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tinkercad.com\/\">https:\/\/www.tinkercad.com\/<\/a>) Probablement le logiciel le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour d\u00e9buter dans le monde 3D. Pour vous connecter sans enregistrement pr\u00e9alable, vous pouvez utiliser votre compte EDUGE (Google).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Les formats de fichiers 3D<\/h3>\n<figure style=\"width: 234px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a1\/Cylindre_parallelepipede_maillage_tetraedrique.png\" width=\"234\" height=\"289\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En <em>impression 3D<\/em>, le format le plus r\u00e9pandu est le format<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fichier_de_st%C3%A9r%C3%A9olithographie\"><strong> STL<\/strong><\/a>, qui d\u00e9finit l&rsquo;objet par un maillage (<em>mesh<\/em>) de triangles \u00e0 sa surface. Ce format dat\u00e9 reste donc un incontournable et tous les logiciels de CAO3D sont capables d&rsquo;exporter vers ce format.<\/p>\n<p>Si la forme finale de l&rsquo;objet est bien d\u00e9finie par ce fichier, ce n&rsquo;est pas le cas des op\u00e9rations ayant conduit \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation. Ainsi une modification ult\u00e9rieure ne pourra g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement se faire que sur un logiciel \u00ab\u00a0surfacique\u00a0\u00bb. Sans oublier qu&rsquo;un \u00ab\u00a0objet virtuel\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9fini en STL n&rsquo;est pas forc\u00e9ment manufacturable, car de nombreuses erreurs peuvent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9es lors du design.<\/p>\n<p>La conversion d&rsquo;un format surfacique vers un autre, tout comme la r\u00e9paration d&rsquo;un maillage, peut se faire sur le logiciel libre <a href=\"http:\/\/www.meshlab.net\/\">Meshlab<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Si le STL fait plut\u00f4t consensus dans les formats surfaciques, ce n&rsquo;est pas le cas pour les logiciels de CAO 3D param\u00e9triques. Une norme ISO (<em>10303<\/em>) permet heureusement l&rsquo;\u00e9change entre ces diff\u00e9rents logiciels (et au-del\u00e0), c&rsquo;est le format <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_pour_l%27%C3%A9change_de_donn%C3%A9es_de_produit\"><strong>STEP<\/strong><\/a> (ou STP).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Documents suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/h3>\n<p>Un mercredi \u00e0 th\u00e8me a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 le 30 octobre 2019 et voici les documents distribu\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/247\/2020\/01\/Introduction-a-la-CAO-3D.pdf\">Introduction a la CAO 3D<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/247\/2020\/01\/CAO3D-OuCommencer.pdf\">CAO3D-O\u00f9 Commencer?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La prochaine session est agend\u00e9e au 04 novembre 2020 de 13h30 \u00e0 17h. Inscription \u00e0 <a href=\"mailto:sem.formation@edu.ge.ch\">sem.formation@edu.ge.ch<\/a> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il est simple de se perdre dans la conception assist\u00e9e par ordinateur (CAO) en 3D. Entre les nombreux formats, les nombreux logiciels et les diff\u00e9rentes applications, le monde de la 3D est vaste. Voici une rapide pr\u00e9sentation de la CAO3D. <a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/2020\/01\/21\/decouverte-de-cao-3d\/\" class=\"read-more\">Lire la suite&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2953,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-logiciel-cao","category-tutoriels"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D\u00e9couverte de la CAO 3D - Fabrication num\u00e9rique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/fabrication-numerique\/2020\/01\/21\/decouverte-de-cao-3d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9couverte de la CAO 3D - Fabrication num\u00e9rique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il est simple de se perdre dans la conception assist\u00e9e par ordinateur (CAO) en 3D. 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Entre les nombreux formats, les nombreux logiciels et les diff\u00e9rentes applications, le monde de la 3D est vaste. Voici une rapide pr\u00e9sentation de la CAO3D. 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