{"id":113,"date":"2019-02-22T09:25:22","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T08:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/datadetox\/?page_id=113"},"modified":"2019-03-01T10:33:32","modified_gmt":"2019-03-01T09:33:32","slug":"les-geants-du-web","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/datadetox\/les-geants-du-web\/","title":{"rendered":"Les g\u00e9ants du web"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #993300\">G\u00e9ants du web: intouchables?<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Les g\u00e9ants du web sont tellement puissants et omnipr\u00e9sents dans le quotidien de milliards de citoyens que m\u00eame les gouvernements semblent d\u00e9sempar\u00e9s lorsqu&rsquo;ils veulent lutter contre de telles entreprises. L&rsquo;un de leurs seuls moyens de pression est de sanctionner financi\u00e8rement de grands groupes, comme ce fut le cas pour Google en 2018 :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab\u00a0En juillet 2018, l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne a inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 Google une amende record de 4,34 milliards d&rsquo;euros dans le dossier antitrust Android. Cette sanction vise \u00e0 p\u00e9naliser le g\u00e9ant pour abus de position dominante relative \u00e0 Android, son pour smartphone, afin d&rsquo;asseoir l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie de son service de recherche en ligne\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0\u00bbBruxelles inflige une autre grosse amende \u00e0 Google\u00a0\u00bb,<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;Economiste, \u00e9d. 5318, 19.07.2018<br \/>\nconsult\u00e9 le 26.07.2018<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>Lady G.A.F.A.M.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler des <strong>GAFA<\/strong>, ou plus r\u00e9cemment <strong>GAFAM<\/strong> ? C&rsquo;est le surnom que l&rsquo;on donne aux g\u00e9ants du web<br \/>\nqui monopolisent de mani\u00e8re tentaculaire les march\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>G<\/strong><\/span>oogle<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>A<\/strong><\/span>mazon<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>F<\/strong><\/span>acebook<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>A<\/strong><\/span>pple<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>M<\/strong><\/span>icrosoft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #993300\">D\u00e9centralisation du net: une solution?<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Au commencement, Internet \u00e9tait totalement d\u00e9centralis\u00e9. Jusqu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, la diversit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;anonymat \u00e9taient de mise sur Internet. De nos jours, face \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie des g\u00e9ants du web, des associations engag\u00e9es souhaitent proposer aux internautes un web plus libre et d\u00e9centralis\u00e9. Pour y parvenir, il faudrait que trois crit\u00e8res soient r\u00e9unis :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Que les internautes soient conscient-e-s des d\u00e9rives des g\u00e9ants du web;<\/li>\n<li>Que des alternatives viables existent;<\/li>\n<li>Que les internautes aient la possibilit\u00e9 de se former \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation de ces alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un exemple de d\u00e9centralisation est la <em>blockchain<\/em>, une technologie permettant de stocker et transmettre de l&rsquo;information gr\u00e2ce au chiffrement, que seuls l&rsquo;exp\u00e9diteur et le destinataire peuvent d\u00e9chiffrer. Les cryptomonnaies, comme le <em>Bitcoin<\/em>, ont \u00e9galement pour objectif de rendre le web plus d\u00e9centralis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>L&rsquo;araign\u00e9e qui tisse sa toile<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Si les applications apparaissent comme des ic\u00f4nes distinctes sur l&rsquo;\u00e9cran de votre smartphone, elles peuvent appartenir au m\u00eame groupe commercial. Par exemple, la plupart des applications de Google affichent clairement leur appartenance, quelle que soit la d\u00e9clinaison: Google Chrome, Google Photos, Gmail, Google Drive, Google Map, etc. Mais savez-vous que Youtube appartient aussi \u00e0 Google?<\/p>\n<p>En revanche, les liens entre les diff\u00e9rentes applications que poss\u00e8de Facebook sont moins connus du grand public. Il s&rsquo;agit notamment de Messenger, mais aussi d&rsquo;Instagram et de WhatsApp. Facebook poss\u00e8de donc les outils qui sont utilis\u00e9s tous les jours par au moins 61% de la population suisse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00e9ants du web: intouchables? Les g\u00e9ants du web sont tellement puissants et omnipr\u00e9sents dans le&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/datadetox\/les-geants-du-web\/\">Read the post<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les g\u00e9ants du web<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-113","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","excerpt","zoom","full-without-featured","even","excerpt-0"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les g\u00e9ants du web - DATA DETOX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/datadetox\/les-geants-du-web\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les g\u00e9ants du web - DATA DETOX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u00e9ants du web: intouchables? 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