{"id":4976,"date":"2023-08-31T15:00:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T13:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegrationdev\/?p=4976"},"modified":"2025-06-20T15:28:05","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T13:28:05","slug":"etiologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/etiologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Le trouble du d\u00e9ficit de l\u2019attention avec ou sans hyperactivit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1768px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p align=\"justify\">Le trouble de d\u00e9ficit de l\u2019attention avec ou sans hyperactivit\u00e9 (<strong>TDA\/H<\/strong>) est un trouble neuro-biologique affectant certains circuits c\u00e9r\u00e9braux. Le trouble peut associer trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments, \u00e0 des degr\u00e9s variables :<\/p>\n<ul class=\"spip\">\n<li><strong> l\u2019inattention<\/strong>\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li><strong>l\u2019impulsivit\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li><strong>une activit\u00e9 motrice anormalement intense<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\">Le plus souvent le TDA\/H se pr\u00e9sente sous des formes mixtes, l\u2019un des trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments pouvant \u00eatre pr\u00e9dominant, manquer ou \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 des degr\u00e9s variables et sous diff\u00e9rentes formes.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Les causes du TDA\/H sont complexes et pas encore compl\u00e8tement connues. Des facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ainsi qu\u2019environnementaux et familiaux ont pu \u00eatre mis en \u00e9vidence. Le TDA\/H serait un trouble des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives de transmission de neurotransmetteurs, les rendant inefficaces ou paresseuses dans les zones qui contr\u00f4lent les impulsions, filtrent l\u2019apport sensoriel ou permettent de fixer l\u2019attention. Les enfants porteurs de ce trouble utilisent alors des strat\u00e9gies alternatives pour accomplir une t\u00e2che, activant des zones c\u00e9r\u00e9brales moins sp\u00e9cifiques et beaucoup plus co\u00fbteuses en \u00e9nergie, ce qui entra\u00eene surcharge cognitive et fatigue.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Le d\u00e9ficit de l\u2019attention<\/strong> peut inclure les signes suivants\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve porteur de ce trouble a tendance \u00e0 se disperser facilement et \u00e0 \u00eatre distrait par ce qui se passe autour de lui. Il donne alors l\u2019impression de ne pas \u00e9couter ou de manquer de pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance. Il a de la peine \u00e0 se concentrer, ne suit pas les instructions jusqu\u2019au bout et risque d\u2019abandonner les activit\u00e9s en cours de route. Il pr\u00e9sente fr\u00e9quemment des difficult\u00e9s dans l\u2019organisation et la planification de son travail, perd souvent ses affaires et peut oublier ce qu\u2019il doit faire.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>L\u2019impulsivit\u00e9<\/strong> se manifeste par une difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer ses \u00e9motions, ses frustrations et les transitions, une difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 inhiber ses actions et ses r\u00e9ponses. Les signes d\u2019impulsivit\u00e9 peuvent inclure le fait d\u2019agir et de r\u00e9pondre sans avoir planifi\u00e9 ou r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi au pr\u00e9alable, sans attendre son tour en interrompant les autres. Tr\u00e8s souvent, l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve impulsif n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 anticiper son comportement et les r\u00e9actions qu\u2019il suscite.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>L\u2019hyperactivit\u00e9<\/strong> peut inclure l\u2019agitation, le bavardage et une inqui\u00e9tude excessive. L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve hyperactif se fait souvent remarquer car il est agit\u00e9 et tient difficilement en place. Il a tendance \u00e0 faire du bruit et \u00e0 d\u00e9ranger les autres.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Tous ces signes se manifestent \u00e0 la maison, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et dans les diff\u00e9rents lieux de vie de l\u2019enfant. Ils ont des cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019adaptation scolaire, sociale et familiale.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve porteur d\u2019un TDA\/H a moins confiance en lui et une plus petite estime de soi. Se confrontant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, bien malgr\u00e9 lui, aux limites, il peut se d\u00e9courager, s\u2019\u00e9puiser, se r\u00e9volter ou se marginaliser. Il est alors moins performant, ce qui entra\u00eene une nouvelle baisse de l\u2019estime de soi qui risque de l\u2019entra\u00eener dans une spirale pouvant causer l\u2019\u00e9chec scolaire.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Le TDA\/H touche environ 3 \u00e0 7% des enfants en \u00e2ge scolaire. Les gar\u00e7ons en sont plus fr\u00e9quemment porteurs que les filles qui pr\u00e9sentent moins de sympt\u00f4mes de la lign\u00e9e hyperactive et chez lesquelles le syndrome passe parfois inaper\u00e7u.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling en-savoir-plus\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:50px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1768px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column en-savoir-plus\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-right:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--awb-padding-left:30px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-color:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3>En savoir plus<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hug.ch\/specialites-psychiatriques\/trouble-deficit-attention-hyperactivite-tda-h\">Trouble d\u00e9ficit de l&rsquo;attention- hyperactivit\u00e9\u00a0 (TDA-H) &#8211; HUG<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW22941261\" href=\"https:\/\/doctonat.com\/troubles-attention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW22941261\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22941261\">Troubles de l&rsquo;Attention (TDA\/H) &#8211; Traitement, Diagnostic, Sympt\u00f4mes &#8211; doctonat.com<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-right:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--awb-padding-left:30px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-color:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:25px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3>Suggestions p\u00e9dagogiques<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-blog-shortcode fusion-blog-shortcode-1 fusion-blog-archive fusion-blog-layout-medium fusion-blog-no fusion-blog-no-images related-link\"><div class=\"fusion-posts-container fusion-posts-container-no fusion-no-meta-info\" data-pages=\"0\"><article id=\"blog-1-post-5380\" class=\"fusion-post-medium post-5380 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-suggestions-pedagogiques category-tdah-suggestions-pedagogiques\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h2 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/suggestions-du-csps-tda-h\/\">Informations du CSPS pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves avec un TDA\/H<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-5378\" class=\"fusion-post-medium post-5378 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-suggestions-pedagogiques category-tdah-suggestions-pedagogiques\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h2 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/depliants-tda-h-a-lintention-des-enseignant-e-s-et-des-eleves\/\">D\u00e9pliants TDA\/H \u00e0 l&rsquo;intention du corps enseignant et des \u00e9l\u00e8ves<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-3942\" class=\"fusion-post-medium post-3942 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-suggestions-pedagogiques category-tdah-suggestions-pedagogiques\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h2 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/suggestions-pedagogiques-tda-h\/\">Conseils p\u00e9dagogiques pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves porteurs d&rsquo;un TDA\/H<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/article>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-right:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--awb-padding-left:30px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-color:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(182,191,218,0.3);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:25px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3>Mesures de soutien<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-blog-shortcode fusion-blog-shortcode-2 fusion-blog-archive fusion-blog-layout-medium fusion-blog-no fusion-blog-no-images related-link\"><div class=\"fusion-posts-container fusion-posts-container-no fusion-no-meta-info\" data-pages=\"0\"><article id=\"blog-2-post-7954\" class=\"fusion-post-medium post-7954 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-amenagements-formels category-soutiens\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h2 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/procedure-pour-une-demande-damenagements-formels\/\">Proc\u00e9dure pour une demande d&rsquo;am\u00e9nagements formels<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-2-post-7923\" class=\"fusion-post-medium post-7923 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-amenagements-formels category-soutiens\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h2 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/en-quoi-consiste-les-amenagements-formels\/\">D\u00e9finition des am\u00e9nagements formels<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/article>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2304,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tda-h"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le trouble du d\u00e9ficit de l\u2019attention avec ou sans hyperactivit\u00e9 - Cap Int\u00e9gration Gen\u00e8ve<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.ge.ch\/site\/capintegration\/etiologie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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